Vegetable dye and process of making same.



e. round t ou VEGETABLE :WYE will lPlftClllliliii @llt llllrlltlllritii This invention relates to vegetable dyes y :to and processes oit' making same; and it coinprisesas a new direct dyeing material vegetable dyeing extracts compounded with a plurality of different mordanting substances, the composition. having a neutral or alkaline l5 reaction, being or' detinite dyeing properties, being capable oidirectly dyeing cotton and other vegetable fibers ot definite shades without the necessity or mordanting and also or dyeing mixed vegetable and animal fibers,

y, such as shoddy, oit even and uniform. shade throughout; and it also comprises a process of preparing such a dyeing material wherein a vegetable dyeing extract, such as logwood extract,in the presence of at least Suth- 25 cient water to make it in liquid torni, is brought to a boiling heat and-a plurality of did'erent ihordanting substances, such as for example, copper sulfate and alum or ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate are added and the 3Q.. mixture allowedto stand and cool slowly for a'nuniber of hours, say 1Q hours, to allow' the bases of such mordanting materials to go into iorganiocombination"? and is then treated with a little soda ash or equivalent e5 alkali in amount suiiiciert to neutralize or render alkaline; and' it further comprises as an advantageous embodiment of the describedinvention the production vof standardized direct dyeing vegetable extracts flo capable ot' giving definite colors on cotton, linen and other goods by evaporating down a suitable vegetable dyeing extract, such as extract yont logwood, quercitron, hypernic, Brazil wood, rustic, sumac, iiavin,` etc., to a ll5 fairly concentrated form, say about 25 'llwaddell (160 Be. or 1.125 sp. gz), adding a plurality ot' different mordanting'salts, such as, for instance, sulfate of copper and sul'- tate of alumina or sulfate of iron, allowing 5u to stand and cool for a number oi' hours, adding a little soda ash, simmering to get rid oit/liberated carbon dioxid, boiling sev eral hours, say tour hours, in the` open and then iinally concentrating 1i/ cacao to the 55 desired commercial 'strength ci say about Specification ot letters li'atent.

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iPatented duly uapplication died December ftd, wir?. lilo. adattati.

5l@ llwaddell (30 Be. or Ll gn); all

as more itully hereinatter set itorth and claimed Dyeing with vegetable dyes is oil course a very old art, and with care, erperience and skill on the part oit the dyer results olf high excellence may he attained; lresults which are citen diflicult of duplication with the synthetic dyestuli's; the so-called anilin dyes. The methods in use however are etten somewhat complicated, requiring several steps 'in the dyeing operation, the use of mordants, etc., so that considerable slrill is usually necessary; a tact which has aided, in large measure, in the introduction oir' such synthetic dyestufifs, and particularly where special shades are required. ilu general, the dyeing operation issinipler with the synthetic dyes than with the natural. 'lllie direct cotton dyes, for erample, require no mordanting operation. rllhe synthetic dyestuii's have a delinite and constant composition rendering it easy to malte dyebaths by rule which will give constant results. This, which was not true of the old fashioned dye baths made by hand by the dyers from small lots ot varying materials, ishowever also substantially true or the modern concen trated dyewood extracts of commerce. Being made in large lots from large lots oi* inaterial oit averaged composition and under chemical control they are also substantially constant in composition and can be used to give readily reproducible dyebaths; dycbaths dyeing exactly the saine shades. its with the artificial dyestufts, it is merely a matter of weighing or measuring the right amounts l to make a dyebath ci' standard composition.

lt is the object of the present invention to rovide materials which carry the simpli cation. in the use oit. vegetable dyes a Vlo this end, Va concentrated vegetable dyestui'l extract, such as extract of logwood, quercitron, hypernic, rustic, suinac, tlavin, ctc., is made carrying incorporated in it mordants in such a state or' association as will enable the compound material to he used not only tor dyeing but for mordanting. a rule, in dyeing with vegetable extracts inordanting is a separate operatioinlthe cloth, yarn, thread or other material -heing treated with mordants to the dye land then dyed or vice versa. its it have found, however, it' the niordants he incorporated in the dyes cataract the Siti till

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two operations may be combined in one. I, find that in practice in order to do this and make a stable composition of desirable characteristics for the present purposes, it is necessary `to incorporate two or more different mordants with the material. As for the reason -for this, I am not aware and content myself with noting my observation. It may however be that with the use of two different salts in the composition, double salts of greater stability are produced. Since the different mordants in connection with any dye extract produce widely different results, the choice and character of the mordants will of course depend upon the results to be accomplished, But with the use of two mordants producing together the colors desired, concentrated composite dyewood extracts can be made which with addition of water Will give at once a compound bath directly dyeing cotton and other vegetable fibers a definite predetermined shade. And with the present compositions I have noted that the same dyeing effect is also produced on animal fibers such aslwool and silk. By the use of the present compositions composite fabrics such as shoddy, ca n be directly dyed without difference in the shade given the different fibers; a highly desirable result.

I have found that in the best Way of performing' my process, it is advantageous to evaporate the dyestuif extract a vacuo down to a certain concentration less than the final concentration and the add and incorporate, my mordanting materials. After the addition and thorough mixing, the material is allowed to stand While still hot for a time to enable, probably, the mordanting materials to go into organic combination. After this is accomplished, I usually make the materials neutral or slightly alkaline with sodium carbonate or analogous alkali, heat to expel carbon dioxid, and effect whatever combinations may occur; and there-- after nish the evaporation yin, vacuo to a standard commercial strength, usually` about 51 Twaddell. The first concentration may be, and advantageously is, to about 25o Twaddell. For producing a direct one bath dye with a logwood base, I may use copper sulfate and pot sh alum or copper acetate and chrome alum, and, in fact, the permutations among morda'nting materials allow me to make composite extracts capable of dyeing a very wide variety of colors.

In one specific embodiment of the present invention I extract quercitron bark in any of the known ways andthen partially concentrate the extract 'in 'mourn'. the 'concentration being carried as far as about 25o Twaddell. To the boiling mixture, I next add 3 parts of copper sulfate and one part of ordinary crystallized iron sulfate. I allow the mixture to stand for about 12 hours,

f' strength.

cooling slowly. It ,is then reheated and a sufficient 'amount of soda ash or dry sodium carbonate added to neutralize, and the mixture slowly simmeied for a time to get rid of carbon dioxid. T he composite mordanting dyestufi1 extract is then boiled for about four hours in suitable exapoiators. (open pans may be used) and. is then given a final concentration an, lvaca-o to the required The strength given the final product may be such as the market requires. A convenient commercial strength is 51o T waddell. The compound extract however may be reduced by evaporation to a paste or to a solid, or to the so-called crystals or powder.

The particular composition made as just described dyes cotton and other vegetable fibers (and wool and silk as well) in buil shades. For use, it is simply mixed with hot water to give a dye bath of the desired concentration. As a rule, I use about 30 parts of the compound extract made as just described for 100 parts of material to be dyed in a standing bath. Dyeing is very simply performed, it being merely necessary to immerse the material in a dye bath and maintain it wet therewith for a desired period of time, say, in most cases, about an hour. It may then be removed, washed and dried. No further steps are necessary. The color produced is fast to light and washing.

The use of these composite standardized compositions containing both the dyeWood extract and the inordants in chemical combination renders dyeing a much simpler operation; the operation in its simplicity being fairly comparable with the ordinary practice of dyeing with the direct synthetic cotton dyes.

Direct dyes made under the present invention are concentrated materials containing vegetable coloring matters and mordanting materials, said mordanting materials being, probably, in organic combination. The concentrated material vmay be of the standard commercial strength of 51 Twaddell or stronger. Evaporation may be conducted so far as to give solid materials, whatever the concentration, the material on dilution with Water gives a dye bath capable of dyeing cotton, Wool, silk and other fibers, in one operation, with production of fast and permanent colors.

That I claim is 1 As a new composition of matter, a dyeing material comprising an extract of vegetable dye material containin a plurality of mordants in organic com ination, such bath being neutral or slightly alkaline and being capable of mordanting and dyeing directly cotton goods and the like'in the one operation.

2. As a new composition of matter, a dyeing material'comprising an extract ol quercitron containing a plurality ot mordente in organic combination, such bath being neutral or slightly alkaline and being ca-` l table dyeing extract of about 51 rlIWaddell strength containing a plurality of mordanting materials in organic combination therewith, the material being neutral or slightly alkaline in character and being capable on redilution of producing a dyebath directly dyeing and mordanting cotton and the like in one operation.

el.. A standard direct mordanting and dyeing composite material comprising a quercitron extract of about 51o rlrvaddell strength containing a plurality of moranting materials in organic lcombination therewith, the material being neutral or slightly alkaline in character and being ca-` pable on redilution of directly dyeing and mordanting cotton and the like in one operation.

5. The process of making stanoardiizeclt..

@entre at' ttrla patent may lui attttnetl tor tra tenta arnet, by ntltrtttlnir tlia substances, allowing it to producing a dyebadtj direct and mordanting vegetable extracts which comprises extracting a vegetable dye material, eraporating the extract to forni a thick liquid, treating this thick liquid at a boiling heat with a plurality of mordanting stand for a time, neutralizing `with sodium carbonate, heating in the open to get rid of carbon dioXid and finally evaporating in 'vacuo to a standard commercial strength.

' 6. lhe process of making standardized direct and mordanting vegetable extracts which comprises extracting quercitron, evaporating the extract to form a thick liquid, treating this thick liquid at a boiling heat With a plurality of mordanting substances, allowing it to stand for a time, neutralizing with sodium carbonate, heating in the open to get rid of carbon dioxid and finally evaporating in cacao to a standard commercial strength.

ln testimony whereof, ll aihx my signature hereto.

' HERBERT WARKUP. lllitresses E. 1t. Mier-MEL, CHARLES R. DnLANnr.,

t tamnttttlanor at trattata, 

